ABSTRACT
Ports are a nexus in supply chains as they support the interaction between global supply chains and regional production and consumption markets. The successful management of a supply chain is influenced by customer expectations, globalization, technological innovations, government regulation, competition, and sustainability concerns. One of the main basic driving forces of change in the port industry emerges from globalization and the structural shift from supply-driven to demand-driven economies. The streamlining of supply chains through customization and standardization using advances in data analytics and visibility leads to concepts such as ‘plug-and-play supply chains’. Green Supply Chain Management has gained increased attention within the industry as there is a growing need for integrating environmentally sustainable choices into Supply Chain Management practices. The developments in supply chain management are taking place in a logistics market usually characterized by low margins. The level of vertical integration has increased in the past decades.
