ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces improvement science as an innovative approach currently being applied in hospitals, and describes other studies that have contributed to the exploration of this approach. Praxiography is presented as the overarching method for the fieldwork. As the research unfolds, actor-network theory enables new configurations and readings of how learning emerges through practice in medical education, which can be related to the current situation with COVID-19. Actor-Network Theory (ANT), as a socio-material approach, addresses paradigmatic controversies by challenging the way in which the social and material have come to be separated. The ANT concept of multiple worlds provides a language to unfold practice and learning, and to trouble the idea of improvement science as a singularity into a multiple. ANT provides a way of seeing the detail of situations, and draws out connections and relations. ANT is one of a number of approaches that considers the material alongside the social.
