ABSTRACT
This chapter covers energy deriving from nature’s light and heat. It describes energy-capturing processes, different power segments, technologies, and materials used, as well as commercial factors.
Solar energy utilizes semi-conductor technology to capture solar power and directly convert it into electricity or heating. Photovoltaic devices (PV) convert solar light into electricity by the use of solar cells, panels, and modules that are installed offshore, on building surfaces, or vehicles. Solar Thermal Power (STP) or Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) also uses semi-conductor technologies, namely lenses or mirrors, to capture focused sunlight and subsequently convert it a) into thermal energy, and then b) into electricity. Power generation 24/7 and energy storage for about eight hours, regardless of the weather conditions, are the key strengths of these power segments.
Geothermal energy uses heat pumps, ductwork, and heat exchanger systems to capture extremely hot temperatures found several miles under the surface of the earth. The commercial applications of this energy segment encompass agricultural, fishery, transportation, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial uses.
Top producing nations, energy conglomerates and global organizations are also featured in this chapter, to better demonstrate best practices and the impact of large-scale synergies. The Advantages, Risks, and Recommendations section provides detailed guidelines pertinent to security risk areas, best practices, and suggestions for effective and efficient operations.
