ABSTRACT
Critics of grading point out that grades are invalid, inaccurate, and demoralizing for students and reduce rather than enhance student learning. Grading can be every bit as bad as this, but it doesn’t have to be. Grading holds students and schools accountable for learning and simply and unambiguously communicates student achievement. But how do schools maximize the benefit of clear communication to students and families while minimizing the negative impact on student learning?
