ABSTRACT
A regression analysis is incapable of modelling such complexity and would mis-specify the relationships between the variables: non-significant and small effects may lead to the conclusion that those variables were unimportant, when in fact they have a considerable impact through other independent variables. Efforts to better capture the complexity of Euroscepticism have led to the development of multiple conceptual models based around distinct dimensions of the attitude, that is, forms, modes or expressions that, while fundamentally representing hostility towards European integration, are based on different objections, values or perceptions of integration and its consequences. The effects of religion stem entirely from its impact on political ideology, national identity and attitudes towards immigration, some of which were substantial. A further surprise was the absence of any evidence of a substantial effect from religious behaviour.
