ABSTRACT
Governmentality is a distinctive way of thinking about how to govern that emerges in the early nineteenth century, and is linked to the “modern” state and economy. It is relevant because it is a model used not only by states, but also by organizations, including conservation organizations. Foucault contrasts governmentality to sovereignty and discipline, ending the 1978 lecture by saying that sovereignty and discipline are not eliminated by governmentality; the three become a triangle. All three models of how to govern are practiced today in conservation interventions, often side by side, and never without implications for effectiveness. This is the third tool for our tool-kit.
