ABSTRACT
The overarching theme of the digital technologies is connectivity. The digital technologies play a critical role in the ability of people, systems, devices, and other things to pass and receive information from each other. This chapter provides an overview of cellular networks (6G, 5G, 4G, LTE, and others); provides an overview of global navigation satellite systems and low orbit satellite systems; and provides an overview of low power wide area, low power wide area network, NFC, Smart Bluetooth, iBeacon, and other technologies that are at the heart of device-to-device connectivity. The Global Positioning System is a constellation of space-based satellites that orbit the Earth at an altitude of about 20,000 km. Traditional or classic Bluetooth was often criticized for the difficulty in pairing devices and maintaining pairing, for slow transmission speeds, and for high device battery power consumption.
