ABSTRACT
In this chapter, both sides, Spain and the Dutch, made unofficial moves towards a ceasefire. On the Spanish side, it was Archduke Albert who took the initiative. Intermediaries went between Brussels and The Hague with unofficial messages to both sides. Maurits was initially opposed to any peace but acquiesced in Oldenbarneveldt’s efforts, whilst determined to keep the army ready and fully operational. For his part, Oldenbarneveldt was tireless. He kept the Calvinist-based anti-treaty individuals at bay, whilst handling the unofficial negotiation and patiently guiding and advising the envoys of Albert in the wording and revised wording of the draft agreements, ensuring that at all times the agreements contained recognition of Dutch sovereignty. A ceasefire was agreed and signed by the Dutch commander, and Spinola himself signed on behalf of Spain. The official negotiations started at an international peace conference, and the negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Antwerp, inaugurating the Twelve Years’ Truce. Both sides would benefit from the peace, but the Dutch were acknowledged by Spain as sovereign and independent. It was a diplomatic triumph.
