ABSTRACT
The gradual disappearance of Arctic sea ice raises challenges to sovereignty and security issues, some of which are increasingly evident in the evolving relationships between the eight Arctic states and non-Arctic states, such as China, Japan, South Korea and India. The areas of international Arctic cooperation are continuously expanding, which is creating enormous potential but also significant challenges. Since 1990, the international community has conducted all-around cooperation and formulated some international measures to deal with Arctic radioactive pollution. To enhance cooperation, Arctic and non-Arctic states should, on the basis of respecting each other’s rights, strengthen their communication, improve mutual understanding, foster trust and seek areas of converging interests. Humanitarian cooperation was an important part of the earlier cooperation in the Arctic region. The Arctic denuclearization movement gave rise to the demilitarization of the Arctic. To completely improve the ecological environment of the Arctic Ocean, all relevant parties must comply with appropriate measures.
