ABSTRACT
Word recognition taps into circuitry in the left hemisphere that are used during language recognition and production. Pat Kuhl and colleagues showed that the both auditory and motor areas of infants’ brains are active in response to speech, which suggests that part of speech perception involves using one’s lips and tongue to anticipate the movements that will need to be made to perceive and experience the sounds. The influence of motor movement on speech production is even evident in adults. When adult speakers gesture with their arms in ways that are compatible with their phonetic production, the quality of their vowel formation is enhanced. Motor simulation processes will activate the hand and arm movements associated with giving. Mathematics learning presents many challenges for education. Many students struggle to make sense of the symbolic notations, diagrams, and procedures. Transduction provides a means for mathematical quantities and operations to be meaningful.
