ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a review of main findings and a discussion of some of their theoretical implications. The differentiation of a society’s academic system, which means that it comprises many diverse universities and colleges, is of course not the same as the differentiation of a university, which means that it consists of many diverse departments, and still another matter is the differentiation of a department, which means that many specialties are represented in it. Various resources are needed to maintain a good university. Material assets are not sufficient; it takes human and institutional resources too. Economic resources are important, however, because they help supply the requisite intellectual human resources. High salaries appear to be particularly salient for upwardly mobile faculty members from poorer homes, who nevertheless get on the average lower salaries than those reared in the upper-middle class, probably as the result of subtle discrimination against them in the institutions with the best reputations and highest salaries.
