ABSTRACT
The clearest indication of the new internationalist principles came with the trials of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. They offered a completely radical and new approach to international law, and made clear that national sovereignty could and should be subordinated to a broader consideration of international justice. The most far-reaching statement of the new order came in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The initial treaty settlement of the Ottoman Empire in 1919, the Treaty of Sevres, had quickly disintegrated as Turkish armies pushed forward into Greece. The 1919 peace had been based on the principle of self-determination, and had left many ethnically diverse states. Many American policy-makers believed that the terrible depression had in the final instance been the basic cause of the world war, and that international peace required international prosperity. In 1948, Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act, establishing a European Cooperation Administration, which would administer aid through an Organization for European Economic Cooperation.
