ABSTRACT

Geothermal energy, too, has been promoted as a less environmentally damaging form of energy production, and is an increasingly attractive option in countries where the natural heat of the earth can be tapped. Major change in the European energy system came as demand for woodfuel began to outstrip supply. French coal consumption went from one to fifteen million tons in the half century from 1815, after coal prices had fallen to a level six times cheaper than wood as a source of energy. The choices involved in personal transport are some of the most important in reducing energy consumption. The importance of mobility in modern society is taken almost to its extreme in the form of air travel. There is a heavy environmental price to be paid for the freedom of the skies, but apart from campaigns against noise from overflights and development of airports, there has been little public debate about air pollution from aircraft.