ABSTRACT
Alice Macdonald was born in Sheffield, the eldest of the four daughters of a Methodist minister and his wife. She met the artist and sculptor John Lockwood Kipling in 1863, and married him two years later; they immediately moved to India, where her new husband started work at the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art in Bombay. Alice Kipling returned to England with her husband in 1893, while the Flemings remained in India. In 1898, Trix suffered the first occurrence of a depressive mental illness that would afflict her sporadically for much of her life. Among Alice’s poems, ‘At the Dawn’ appears to relate to her daughter’s separation from her husband, while ‘Summer in the Indian Plains’ recalls the author’s experience of India.
