ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses some of the new directions brought by audiovisual translation (Section 11.1) and localization, globalization and transcreation (Section 11.2). Each has brought about a fundamental re-evaluation of translation practice and theory. Audiovisual translation has forced translation studies to consider different types of text and media, and is the site of new creative practices that challenge not only the concept of translation, but that of audience as well. Localization also presents major challenges to translators, and has become a locus of contact between technology, translator identity and the postmodern world. These are also sites that require very specific expertise and training from the researcher, and ideally necessitate interdisciplinary co-operation to maximize the effectiveness of different specializations. Such specialization has limited translation to the rendition of verbal linguistic meaning, opening the way to new terms such as transcreation.
