ABSTRACT
The biological bases of behaviour are the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic and developmental mechanisms of behaviour. The fundamental building blocks of the nervous system are called neurons, with sensory neurons, the motor neurons and interconnector and interneurons. The nervous system is divided into two main divisions: The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS has three main components: The brain, the spinal cord and the neurons. The PNS is divided into two parts: The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the involuntary movement of the internal parts of the body. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is serving as a gateway between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The limbic system regulates autonomic and endocrine function and appears to be primarily responsible for governing emotions, levels of arousal in motivation, behaviour and the formation of memories. The spinal cord is the most important structure between the body and the brain and together with the brain makes up the central nervous system. With modern neuroscience, some techniques that may be used for studying the human brain include electroencephalograms (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI). From an Islamic perspective, the creation of the auditory system preceded the creation of the visual system at the embryologic stage. Ear consciousness is fittingly beyond cognition. It is the bridge between the guidance from the Qur’an and Sunnah and faith (Iman) and God consciousness (Taqwa).
