The goal of coordinating urban and rural economic and social development is to achieve urban-rural integration. This chapter argues that coordinating the reform and development of urban and rural areas should be the strategic policy to break down the bifurcated urban-rural structure, form a new pattern of urban-rural integration, and structurally solve the “three rural” problems. Looking at the processes of achieving modernization in different countries, most countries will turn to the stage of social construction after their economic construction has reached a certain level. The first step to realize urban-rural integration is to “strive to break down the bifurcated urban and rural structure and form a new pattern of integrated urban-rural economic and social development” to curb the current trend of a widening gap between these two areas. The second step is to realize the integration of urban and rural areas.