This chapter discusses apprenticeships and other opportunities to learn by doing over extended periods of time. There is a brief review of formal apprenticeships and their history, as well as a brief discussion of the scaffolded realistic tasks used in the intelligent training systems the author developed in the early years of intelligent systems. Additional discussion focuses on how to turn Common Core curriculum into arrangements with many opportunities for learning by doing. Out-of-school learning opportunities also are discussed, along with brief mention of a few schools that have become completely invested in major projects as the primary form of learning. An important point is that for a redundant set of in and out of school learning opportunities to be shaped for each student’s needs, it will be necessary to have some form of common record of what tasks a student has undertaken and what learning likely resulted from them (more on this in the assessment chapter below). Such a record would do for education what a shared electronic patient record does for medical treatment.