Post-World War I order, nationalist elites, and the making of monolithic Turkishness

This chapter first analyzes the continuity of Ottomanism as a state policy towards the end of World War I and underline the conditions under which the state elites were more committed to an imperial Ottoman identity rather than a national identity. Second, I articulate the changing domestic and external conditions after World War I (particularly Wilsonian principle of national self-determination) and discuss how new external necessities and internal opportunities gradually led to the adoption of a monolithic Turkish nationhood under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal and his movement against the guards of the old Ottoman regime.