ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors introduce a useful framework to not only understand why technological applications were successfully adopted in the first three industrial revolutions, but also understand some of the fundamental human forces driving changes now and in the future through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Building upon the contributions, they now present a simple model of seven core penultimate ends across three levels which the authors have identified as useful for orientating ourselves among the torrent of new disruptive and transformative forces which are characteristic of industrial revolutions. People demand goods and services which help procure, recover, or sustain the antepenultimate ends. People gain utility from the attaining of these ends. Social-belonging represents the state of being in which one identifies with and participates in communities of other people and feels accepted by the other members of the community.
