ABSTRACT
Chapter 3, Fandom and risk perceptions in sport, evaluates some of the contrasting concepts and definitions of risk management in sport. It then discusses the varying levels of risk and resilience associated with international sports events (ISEs). Fundamentally, the chapter assesses the level of risk, risk analysis, risk management and resilience associated with the magnitude/size, levels of internationalisation, complexity and importance/resonance of major sports events. Key tasks involved in vulnerability, hazard, risk and exposure analyses are also duly considered. In doing so it considers the impact of fandom upon sports events and the role of sports fans in managing crises and disasters in sport. The final main section of the chapter critically discusses the ongoing threat of terrorism at ISEs. The chapter includes four case studies exploring fandom and risk perceptions of: (1) Olympic tourists at the Rio 2016 Games, (2) the 1972 Munich Massacre, (3) the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing and (4) the November 2015 Stade de France Explosions in Paris, France.
