ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors go further with Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and learn two one-sample NHSTs. The test has the same possible hypotheses as the one-sample Z-test. The main difference is that it does not require the population standard deviation. The design considerations are essentially the same for this design as compared with the one-sample Z-test. The assumptions of the one-sample t-test are identical to those of the one-sample Z-test with no meaningful differences in their application. So the same assumptions apply: random sampling and assignment; dependent variable at the interval or ratio level; the dependent variable is normally distributed. Finally, the t-test would be interpreted very similarly to the Z-test in this situation. A positive t means the sample mean was higher, while a negative t means the sample mean was lower than the population mean. In all cases, the tests will take some form of between-groups variation over the within-groups variation or error.
