Introduction

This chapter focuses on the modern Jewish political theology via six Jewish thinkers influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche. These are the Hassidic author Hillel Zeitlin, the religious philosopher Franz Rosenzweig, the religious thinker and intellectual Martin Buber, the mysticism scholar Gershom Scholem, the literary critic Baruch Kurzweil, and the right-winged intellectual Israel Eldad. The chapter offers a new phenomenological interpretation of a particular theological position in the intellectual history of the modern Jews. It deals with the influence of Nietzschean thought on Jewish modernity has of necessity to address the question of Nietzsche's special relationship to the Jewish people and the Jews. The chapter discusses a particular dimension that is not generally connected with the name of the philosopher of Zarathustra: the heretical-religious dimension both of Nietzsche and his Jewish interpreters. Parallel with the widespread belief that the liquidation of the concept "God" was the official birth of secularismm, the chapter suggests another possibility, different from the "religious" and "secular" positions.