ABSTRACT
In 1963, Kennedy’s final year as president, and throughout the rest of the 1960s, the dynamic opposition to foreign aid shifted from the House of Representatives to the Senate. Passman had been effective in the 1963 fight, but his arguments had changed little over time, and they would remain consistent during the rest of his tenure. In the Senate, the Oregonian, Wayne Morse, was leading a different, new kind of battle against aid. He pushed his colleagues to think about more than problems of waste, inefficient bureaucracies, and corruption. Throughout the 1960s, in the annual Senate debates about aid, he argued that aid spending needed to reflect moral values.
