ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the efforts of contemporary African-American organizations as international actors by focusing on their international and foreign policy declarations and activities. On 16 June 1966, after being released by the police in Greenwood, Mississippi, Stokely Carmichael stated that he was fed up with going to jail for non-violent protests and tired of asking whites for freedom: ‘What we gonna start saying we want now is “black power”.’ The 1960s also witnessed the birth of the organization Blacks in Solidarity with Southern African Liberation in New York. Malcolm X created the African Liberation Support Committee, which joined with former Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee member, Courtland Cox of Drum and Spear Press in Washington DC, and militants to convene the 18-24 June 1974 Sixth Pan-African Congress in Tanzania. In 1963 Jesse Jackson joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and quickly gained recognition for his organizing abilities in rallying the black clergy behind Martin King.
