ABSTRACT
Double quotation marks and single quotation marks indicate which words are those of another speaker or writer. Double quotation marks are also used to indicate the titles of various works—such as articles, essays, and opinion pieces appearing in journals, magazines, and newspapers; book chapters; short stories; poems (unless they are book length); unpublished works (for example, dissertations, theses, academic papers/presentations); nursery rhymes; fairy tales and fables; songs; blog posts, and specific episodes of television series, radio programs, and podcasts. Single quotation marks are used when including quoted material within quoted material.
Longer quotations should be separated from the body of your text and formatted as an indented block of type without quotation marks. This holds true for longer quotations from speeches, lectures, plays, and media (such as film, television, and sound recordings). In a block quotation, use double quotation marks to indicate when the quotation includes quotations from other sources or other types of material normally placed in quotation marks.
