ABSTRACT
The conceptual framework developed in the previous chapter is applied here, used to illuminate the nine types of philanthropic intervention in the research ecosystem with a set of examples drawn from a wide range of science philanthropies based in the United States and Europe. Throughout this discussion, the role that science philanthropies play in helping to create multi-sectoral funding partnerships is explored in depth. The dimension of philanthropic support for individuals details a range of fellowship programs funded by foundations such as the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Moore Foundation, Heising-Simons Foundation, Sloan Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and others. These fellowships not only look to advance cutting-edge research by emerging scholars, but they also look to diversify the research community. The dimension of philanthropic support for institutions covers examples drawn from The Kavli Foundation, Keck Foundation, Simons Foundation, and the Allen Institute. Support for institutions includes both external grantmaking to universities and new developments associated with establishing in-house research centers. Funding for various kinds of research networks is examined via discussions of the BRAIN Initiative, the Scialog program developed by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and a handful other network-building efforts undertaken in recent years by a number of philanthropic partnerships.
