ABSTRACT
Morality is the non-power norm made or agreed upon by society concerning human actions with social utility that ought to be, mainly consisting of three elements of moral value, moral value judgment, and moral norm: when and only when the moral value judgment is the truth can the excellent moral norms that conform to the moral value be made and the bad norms that do not conform to the moral value be avoided.
Since morality possesses both particularity and relativity that can be applied to certain societies, there exist particular morality and relative morality, and since it also possesses universality and absoluteness that can applied to all forms of societies, there exist universal morality and absolute morality. Ethical relativism only sees the particularity and relativity of morality but ignores the universality and absoluteness of morality. It thence mistakes that there exist neither universal and absolute moralities that are applicable to all societies, nor universally and absolutely right moralities in all societies. On the contrary, ethical absolutism overstates the application of universality and absoluteness of morality to all societies, then denies relative and particular morality as a true morality, thus lopsidedly holds that the true and excellent morality certainly is universal and absolute.
Morality is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity: in terms of its forms, namely moral value judgment and moral norms or moral contracts, it is subjective and exists dependent on human will, while in terms of its contents, namely moral values, the goal of morality, and behavioral facts, it is objective, existing independently of human will. Therefore, the goodness and badness of moral norms are completely objective and exist independently of human will: no matter what the human will and desire are, only the moral norm that conforms to the moral value is good and right, the moral norm that does not conform to the moral values is certainly bad and wrong. Moral realism overstates the aspect that the most fundamental and deepest content of morality is the facts, thence mistakes that morality itself, or moral norms and moral values are facts existing independently of the needs and the will of the subject, like the colors. On the contrary, moral subjectivism and moral skepticism overstate the subjective arbitrariness of morality itself, or moral norms and moral value judgment, mistake morality as completely and subjectively arbitrary, therefore moral value judgment and moral norms have no issue of being true or false and right or wrong.
