ABSTRACT
Ethics is a science concerned with the methods, processes, and realization of excellent morality. Its main object of study is the value standard of the goodness and badness of the state institutions. As far as all its objects of study are concerned, it is a value science of both the goodness and badness of morality and excellent morality. The three types of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and virtue ethics. Meta-ethics studies “value,” “good,” “ought,” “right,” and “is” or “fact” and their relationships in order to solve “Hume’s guillotine”—whether “ought” can be derived from “fact”—and puts forward methods of making excellent moral norms. In short, meta-ethics is concerned with the methods of making excellent morality. Normative ethics studies how excellent moral norms and behavioral oughts are derived from behavioral facts through the ultimate goal of morality. In short, normative ethics is concerned with the processes of making excellent moral norms. Virtue ethics studies “conscience,” “reputation,” and “moral character” in order to solve the problem of how excellent morality can be transformed from the external norms of society into the intrinsic virtues of the individual. In short, virtue ethics is concerned with the ways for realizing excellent morality.
