ABSTRACT
2-Ethyl hexyl alcohol has been produced commercially since the 1930s and is the best-known and most widely used of the higher aliphatic alcohols. The development of rhodium catalysts instead of conventional cobalt catalysts has resulted in lower reaction temperatures and pressures and higher yields of n-butyraldehyde. Around 95% of 2-Ethyl hexyl alcohol is produced from propylene, the remainder coming from acetaldehyde. Butyraldehyde is produced by the exothermic liquid-phase reaction between 95% propylene and synthesis gas at 130–150°C and a pressure of 100–300 bar. 2-Ethyl hexyl nitrate finds use as an octane-number improver while the phosphate derivatives are employed as lubricating oil additives. 2-Ethyl hexyl alcohol is considered as having low toxicity but when heated the vapour can cause irritation to eyes, nose and throat. 2-Ethyl hexyl alcohol is considered to be a moderate fire hazard. Blanket fires with carbon dioxide, dry chemical or foam. Staff should wear self-contained breathing apparatus because of the fumes given off during burning.
