ABSTRACT
Before 1909, there was no Chinese document showing that the Chinese emperors and their royal courts affirmed their sovereignty over Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands. Meanwhile, official documents of the Government of Vietnam, of the Vietnamese royal courts recorded very clearly that the Vietnamese emperors and the Vietnamese royal courts have always affirmed that the Paracel Islands were part of the territory of Vietnam. Within that self-government system, the Greater District Quang Nghia had jurisdiction over the village of An Vinh, District of Binh Son. The creation of the Hoang Sa team must have been done before or under the administration of Lord Nguyen Phuc Tan, i.e. before or during the time of production of Thien nam tu chi lo do thu, which has recorded the activities of the government of Vietnam in Paracel Islands. A Vietnamese military-civilian organization, the Hoang Sa militia, has carried out annual missions in Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands.
