ABSTRACT
A world-view that drastically separates mind and body, subject and object, culture and nature, thoughts and things, values and facts, spirit and matter, human and nonhuman; a worldview that is dualistic, mechanistic, atomistic, anthropocentric, and pathologically hierarchical. Much of the recent legislation addressing the legal status of natural entities appears to represent a nascent trend away from the anthropocentric. Panentheism, to reiterate, assumes an intrinsic connection between all living things and the physical world and focuses on mystic advancement when all things will merge with the ‘world soul’. There is also a nascent trend to include sacred sites as examples of commons, notably “sacred commons” or “spiritual commons”. Pluriversal worldviews appear to resonate with Indigenous worldviews and challenge Western hegemony and universality, a nature-culture dichotomy, monophasic epistemologies, unitary ontologies, monistic pantheism and the “bipolar theism” of panentheism. Of significance for the legal status of enspirited landscapes is the advent of “late modern law”.
