ABSTRACT
Existing understanding of naval diplomacy, derived from the writings of historians and strategists from the 19th century to the end of the 20th century, can be plainly expressed. Purpose in naval diplomacy, therefore, is always to communicate a message, whether that is explicit or implicit, to a single recipient or many. In developing a 21st-century model of naval diplomacy, it is clear that primary, secondary and tertiary audiences and their interconnectedness should be all be included, acknowledging however that such mapping is always a subjective and inaccurate science. The chapter shows a new model for naval diplomacy in the post-Cold War global order, but one which could also be used to analyse historical scenarios from any period. The enduring what, who and how questions are given substance by subordinate questions of enmity and amity, of hard and soft power tactics and of target audience analysis.
