ABSTRACT
All through the prosecution of his Scottish schemes and his attempts to avert French intervention therein, Edward had had many problems to face at home. More and more he found that his energetic policy needed a larger revenue than he could command, and his attempts to supply the deficiency affected the whole aspect of the remaining part of his reign. It had been his need of money that had led to the Model Parliament of 1295. Edward had been defeated and the defeat rankled. A combination of two quite separate quarrels had compelled his submission. The chief battle was waged round the forest perambulations promised in 1297 but never executed. Edward I. had won an unassailable position. He had separated the baronage from the clergy, and he had defeated the great clerical leader. Yet another ecclesiastic was to feel the weight of his anger. Anthony Bee, Bishop of Durham, had held a high position in the councils of the King.
