This chapter analyse the construction of patriotism in relationship to race and its black citizens from the turn of the century to the beginning of the Vargas revolution of 1930. It suggests that many mulattos and blacks avoided the discussion of race allowing them to join national circles. The system of absolute equality certainly opened a future for the black race in Brazil than in the United States. During the abolitionist campaign, Joaquim Nabuco, the best known of the Brazilian abolitionists, divided the abolitionist movement into two main camps: the activist and the moderates. The abolition of slavery and the creation of the republic fueled the consolidation of the republican nation-state. Brazil would enter into its first phase of modern nationalism in which it would change the relationship of the government with the people. Post-colonial patriotism, a natural precursor to nationalism, an ideology which implies action in the economic or cultural realm seeks out cultural and political formulae of unity.