ABSTRACT
The HAMMER mission was one of two TOOL missions that targeted Berlin. The other mission – MALLET – was also manned by a Berlin native. So after accepting reassignment with the Office of Military Government in Berlin following Germany's surrender in May 1945, Gould continued to wonder about Buchholz's fate, especially since no one had heard from him after the mission was dispatched on April 10, 1945. But the pressure from the Gestapo intensified, and Buchholz then fled to Czechoslovakia in November 1937 and resettled in Prague, where he assumed a leadership role in the formation of the Freie Deutsche Jugend, or Free German Youth. The Free German Youth attracted many young people, mostly Jewish, whose parents arranged for their escape from Nazi Germany and other European countries under German occupation. The Soviet military eventually contacted the OSS mission to Berlin to arrange for Buchholz's release.
