ABSTRACT
The evidence is clear that a substantial portion of homicide can be attributed to urban street codes as a component of subcultures of violence. If violence is construed as the intentional use of force against others or oneself, then American football is certainly violent. Within the general crime picture it is the case that perpetrators of violence are also disproportionately victims of crime, including violence. In combination, their impact is dramatic. Unfortunately, ideological sentiments often hijack rational policy discussions surrounding both violence and risk factors. Virtually all criminologists regard rape as a crime of violence rather than a sexual crime, although sexual degradation often is an essential component of the offense. Some men learn to use violence to achieve goals, to see sexual contact as a test of virility, and to regard force to attain the goal as acceptable. Children are easy targets of violence because they are incapable of offering much resistance.
