Chapter 3 sets out the evolution of the EIA Directive, and the many issues raised over its life to date. There have been several reviews of the implementation of the Directive and the divergent practice of MSs, and there have been several amendments. There is a full discussion of the most recent 2014 version of the Directive, which contains several important developments. The subsequent sections of the chapter briefly outline the early development of EIA in the UK, the institutional environment, and provide an overview of relevant regulations and the types of project to which they apply. This is followed by a fuller discussion of the current EIA procedures required by the revised Town and Country (T&CP) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)) Regulations 2017. These are the ‘generic’ EIA regulations that apply to most projects and provide a model for the other EIA regulations in the UK.