ABSTRACT
There are three major modifications of the structural model, all associated with figures involved in work with children, that have points of contact with attachment theory. These are: a) Freud’s daughter, the originator of child psychoanalysis, Anna Freud; b) the American analyst, a pioneer of infant observation, Margaret Mahler; and c) the British colleague of Anna Freud at Hampstead, Joseph Sandler, who contributed enormously to refining the most commonly used concepts of psychoanalysis.
