ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the principal representatives of sociology and anthropology among Freud's contemporaries, the majority of them, something that led him to develop original, personal socio-anthropological ideas based on his psychoanalytical theoretical corpus and taking neurosis and dreams as a model. It explores certain themes and issues Freud dealt with, which, along with certain sociologists and anthropologists. Max Weber then distinguished between four types of actions: goal-instrumental actions; value-rational actions; affectional or emotional actions; and traditional actions. According to Emile Durkheim, society is not a mere aggregate of individuals, but a system formed through their association and representing a specific reality endowed with its own characteristics. Moreover, that culture or society does not seem to be very differentiated, stratified, and hierarchical, apart from the lower "social classes", the masses, and a ruling minority, which must, however, be educated and furthered. A language seems to be a variable dependent on the structure of society.
