ABSTRACT
From the viewpoint of the therapist, changes at many social levels are necessary in order to dismantle the societal structures that make the shadow world of organized violence powerful and that maintain this power. Traumatization to the degree described is only possible if the tormentors are in positions of power in both worlds, simultaneously ensuring that their victims remain permanently powerless. The legal realm holds the power to determine believability, which is only demanded of witnesses, not of perpetrators. This is a huge field of major possibilities for intervention by perpetrator groups. Politics and the economy are also intertwined. Both are powerful, both need each other, and both inevitably influence each other. Victims remain powerless on both sides of the world. At the beginning of their history of suffering they are powerless because they are children and unable to escape the sphere of influence of their tor-mentors.
