ABSTRACT
Even philosophy has a theory of projection, according to which ‘sensations, felt originally as simple modifications of the mental state, are then “projected” outside of the self, and only then acquire the appearance of independent reality’. This description brings quickly to the heart of the problem: the relationship of projection to reality via the medium of appearance. Psychoanalytic theory, which is based on clinical experience, lays claim to the concept of projection by specifying it. Projection begins when the object provides a surface for projection. This suggests the metaphor of the mirror. Projective identification is a defence primarily triggered by primitive aggression. Whether it is due to frustration or envy, it reflects an omnipotent narcissistic position. Projective identification is midway between excorporation and projection. Excorporation, a primitive expulsion, seeks only to project as far as possible in a centrifugal way.
