ABSTRACT

In the field of psychology, the American, William James, and the Frenchman, Martin Charcot, in particular, postulated an unconscious area, a sphere of the psyche. It was S. Freud who provided the empirical proof of the existence of the unconscious and founded the psychology of the unconscious. The psychology of the unconscious is generally known through its application in psychotherapeutic schools such as those of psychoanalysis, analytical psychology, and many others. Freud’s method consisted of freely associating and of analysing dreams, and in these ways he succeeded in making people recollect things that had disappeared from their consciousness and had become unconscious. Unconscious discovery contributed a great deal to the step of the mutation of consciousness. Freud’s studies also had an effect that has relatively rarely been considered by people: in principle, he overcame ideological positivism and also the dichotomy between knowledge and faith simply by applying his method.