ABSTRACT
This chapter explores more deeply some dimensions that are relevant in understanding the nature of the change process. It discusses a distinction between what is possible and impossible, actually and ideologically. The chapter introduces paradigms and research programs to explain different levels of change. It looks at the tension between ideology and utopia to explain how energy and direction in the change processes can be created. The chapter examines the clear distinction between green economy and ecological economics is introduced to throw light on two opposing directions into the future. It shows that ecological economics goes to the very heart of the challenges and that green economy merely reduces the negative symptoms within the dominating economic system; ecological economics changes the system. The hard core of theory is central to the scientific research program, as hard-core theoretical assumptions cannot be rejected or altered without falsifying the whole research program.
