ABSTRACT
Voice output communication aids are of two main kinds. One can be programmed with a limited number of words or phrases, each of which is accessed easily and quickly, perhaps by a single keystroke. The other, more elaborate, version uses a microcomputer to generate speech from input via an alphanumeric keyboard. Michael Williams is speech-impaired, and made the speech with a voice output communication aid. Hermes is a typical portable communication aid, developed by the data processing department of Wayne county intermediate school district in Michigan, but designed with a multiple output choice in mind. The psychological sense of loss is substantial, and in the case of those who have lost the power of speech, the provision of a 'voice', however artificial or limited, may reduce the level of anxiety experienced by the patient. Independence and freedom created by using a communication device is an oft-repeated theme in many of the reports by or on individuals.
