ABSTRACT
In the early the Internet—;;the system that links millions of computers around the world—;;became big news. The first English-language encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Britannica, appeared in 1768 and was modeled directly on the Encyclopeie. In 1963, when the first Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)-sponsored time-shared computer systems became operational, Licklider set into action a program he privately called his Intergalactic Computer Network, publicly known as the Arpanet. Electronic mail had never been an important motivation for Arpanet. In fact, no electronic mail facilities were provided initially, even though the idea was by no means unknown. For the existing consumer networks, responding to the World Wide Web was a huge technical and cultural challenge. From shortly after the advent of personal computing, computers have become increasingly mobile. Computers became common everyday and everywhere devices for the masses only with the advent and growing popularity of smartphones—;;ushering in a transformative new era of mobile computing by altering how people communicate, work, and socialize.
