ABSTRACT
The Nathaniel J. Pallone and James J. Hennessy model is an ambitious attempt to integrate research accumulated from a variety of biosocial and social science disciplines directed to the individual level of explanation. Violence and aggression like all other behaviours are ultimately a function of brain activity. A substantial body of research has focused on the strength and the nature of external formal and informal social controls, as well as internal controls in the prevention of deviant behaviour. Most accounts of conditions "sufficient" to explain violent behavior recognize the importance of macrosocial-level influences on individual conditions and development. The evolution of brain mechanisms that mediate aggressive and violent behaviours may be traced from humans to other animal species, and most of the neurochemical and neuropharmacologic evidence stems from studies with non-human species. Putative explanations of the violent acts—the first three seemingly very similar to one another—varied from the neurobiology of offenders and victims to the nature of their social interaction.
