This book focuses on the local and particular dimensions of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, sought to investigate the phenomenon of Islamic resurgence, its nature, evolution, and dynamics. It is clear that the nature of the phenomenon of political Islam is a complex one. The Islamic movements are intrinsically related to the issue of social change. The closure of the traditional centers of education and the nationalization of religion in Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco enabled the government to impose a general secular model of education. The ideology of the Islamic revival movements challenges the mandate of the Westernized elite by questioning its secular orientation, while at the same time condemning the submission of the traditional scholars to the regime. It is important to note that political pluralism in society and that society's perception of the Islamic movements affect the level of cohesion and behavior of the Islamic opposition.