ABSTRACT
Many people credit today's serious consideration of animals as legitimate rights holders to the 1975 publication of philosopher Peter Singer's Animal Liberation. One issue to receive a great deal of attention was the question of whether nonhuman animals are rights holders, particularly holders of moral rights and not "merely" legal protections. Some people argue that past generations are rights holders. There has also been a great deal of argumentation for and against considering at least some nonhumans as legitimate rights holders. In the case of intragroup rights, the rights holder is the group, and the rights addressee is its members, while in the case of intergroup rights, the rights holder is the group, and the rights addressee is other relevant external agents. Activities within a cultural group will include distinctive joint activities. The increasing globalization and universalization of culture worldwide has paradoxically been matched at the same time by increasing cultural particularism and separatism.
