ABSTRACT
Peru went through a roller-coaster period, beginning on a positive note with election of a civilian to replace General Manuel Odria in the presidency. Bolivia had broken free from its negative past through its 1952 Revolution but succumbed to militarism in the mid-1960s while moving toward reestablishment of civilian rule at period's end. Experimentation with changing political alignments and alternative development strategies continued in Peru as industrialization gave rise to new elite sectors and middle strata not linked to APRA, massive migration to urban marginal areas, and spotty but significant social mobilization in the countryside. For Venezuela, even more than for its neighbor, Colombia, the 1956-1979 period was one of forward movement and establishment of a viable democratic system. The Christian Democrats had their roots in the Conservative Party's youth wing before migrating into the Francoist-inspired Falange in the latter 1930s.
